Top 10 Favorite Materials
1. Material: Titanium
Processing: Kroll process. The steps involved include extraction, purification, sponge production, alloy creation, and forming and shaping.
Properties: Melting point: 3,032°F (1,667°C), high strength-to-weight ratio.
Applications: 80% of titanium used in aerospace industry in airplane parts and fasteners. Human implants: artificial hearts, hip replacements, pacemakers, defibrillators, and elbow and hip joints. Etc.
Ref: http://www.madehow.com/Volume-7/Titanium.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium
2. Material: Carbon Fiber
Processing: Spinning, Stabilizing, Carbonization, Treating, and Sizing.
Properties: Extremely strong and light with high strenght-to weight ratio. Is 0.0002-0.0004 in (0.005-0.010 mm) in diameter and composed of mostly carbon atoms.
Applications: Aerospace, automobiles, etc.
Ref: http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Carbon-Fiber.html
3. Material: Magnesium (Metal)
/about/Mg-Bricks-56a613d63df78cf7728b394c.jpg)
Processing: Casting
Properties: Density, 1.7 g/cm^3. Lowest of all structural metals. Used where light weight is an important consideration.
Applications: Handheld devices, automobiles, audio, video, computer and communications equipment.
Ref: Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction 9th Edition, William D. Callister, Jr., David G. Rethwisch, pages 427, 428.
4. Material: Steel
Processing: Casting/hot rolling.
Properties: The density of steel varies based on the alloying constituents but usually ranges between 7,750 and 8,050 kg/m^3 (484 and 503 lb/cu ft), or 7.75 and 8.05 g/cm3 (4.48 and 4.65 oz/cu in).
Applications: Iron and steel are used widely in the construction of roads, railways, other infrastructure, appliances, and building.
Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel
5. Material: Concrete
Processing: Mixed, preheated, and calcined.
Properties: Tensile Strength - 20 MPa (2,900 psi) to 32 MPa (4,600 psi) concrete is often used.
Applications: architectural structures, foundations, brick/block walls, pavements, bridges/overpasses, highways, runways, parking structures, dams, pools/reservoirs, pipes, footings for gates, fences and poles and even boats.
Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete#Building_with_concrete
6. Material: Cast Iron
Processing: Casting.
Properties: Melting temperatures usually range from 1,150 to 1,200 °C (2,100 to 2,190 °F).
Applications: Cookware, bridges, buildings, textile mills.
Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_iron
7. Material: Brass
Processing: Annealing and cold rolling.
Properties: Melting point: 900 to 940 °C (1,650 to 1,720 °F) depending on composition.
Applications: Musical instruments, locks, gears, bearings, doorknobs, ammunition casings and valves; for plumbing and electrical applications, etc.
Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass, http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Brass.html.
8. Material: Kevlar
Processing: Condensation reaction/wet spinning (fibers).
Properties: Kevlar fibers tensile strength - 3,620 MPa.
Applications: Body armor, bulletproof vests, music equipment, shoes, etc.
Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar#Applications.
9. Material: Gorilla Glass
Processing: Corning’s proprietary fusion manufacturing + ion exchange process.
Properties: Vickers hardness test rating of 622 to 701.
Applications: Smartphones, consumer electronic devices, automobiles.
Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorilla_Glass.
10. Material: Pykrete
Processing: Freezing.
Properties: Tensile strength - 4,826 MPa.
Applications: No real applications so far.
Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pykrete.
1. Polystyrene is a polymer of long chain hydrocarbon wherein alternating carbon centers are attached to phenyl groups. Used in many plastic consumer goods.
2. Glass is an amorphous solid (a solid without the regular crystalline structure that something like a metal would have. Used for windows, bottles, lenses, etc.
3. Corrugated Galvanized Iron is a building material composed of sheets of hot-dip galvanised mild steel, cold-rolled to produce a linear corrugated pattern in them. Iron had a bcc structure. Used as building material.
1. H1 Steel is a super stainless steel highly resistant to rust, produced by Myodo Metal, Japan. An alloy of iron, very low carbon, and a higher concentration of nitrogen. It is used in knives, especially for diving.
2. Fiber-reinforced Nylon Resin is a composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers. Used in automobiles and knife handles.
3. Titanium is a metal with a high strength to weight ratio. It has an hcp crystal structure. Used in the aerospace industry in airplane parts and fasteners. Also in human implants: artificial hearts, hip replacements, pacemakers, defibrillators, and elbow and hip joints. Etc.
1. Leather is a durable flexible material made out of animal hide; usually cattle. This raw material is principally a fibrous protein called collagen and is composed of one continuous network of fibers. Used in clothing, furniture, books, etc.
2. (Corrugated Fiberboard) Cardboard - A paper based material consisting of natural paper fibers. Used in boxing and packaging items.
3. Gum Rubber (also called natural rubber) consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene. Used in shoes, pencils, automobiles, etc.
Processing: Kroll process. The steps involved include extraction, purification, sponge production, alloy creation, and forming and shaping.
Properties: Melting point: 3,032°F (1,667°C), high strength-to-weight ratio.
Applications: 80% of titanium used in aerospace industry in airplane parts and fasteners. Human implants: artificial hearts, hip replacements, pacemakers, defibrillators, and elbow and hip joints. Etc.
Ref: http://www.madehow.com/Volume-7/Titanium.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium
2. Material: Carbon Fiber
 |
| https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/53/ed/05/53ed05871e9e090e8ba48bc7ce6947e6.jpg |
Processing: Spinning, Stabilizing, Carbonization, Treating, and Sizing.
Properties: Extremely strong and light with high strenght-to weight ratio. Is 0.0002-0.0004 in (0.005-0.010 mm) in diameter and composed of mostly carbon atoms.
Applications: Aerospace, automobiles, etc.
Ref: http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Carbon-Fiber.html
3. Material: Magnesium (Metal)
Processing: Casting
Properties: Density, 1.7 g/cm^3. Lowest of all structural metals. Used where light weight is an important consideration.
Applications: Handheld devices, automobiles, audio, video, computer and communications equipment.
Ref: Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction 9th Edition, William D. Callister, Jr., David G. Rethwisch, pages 427, 428.
4. Material: Steel
 |
| https://cnafinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/AK-Steel-Holding-Corporation-AKS-Stock-News.jpg |
Processing: Casting/hot rolling.
Properties: The density of steel varies based on the alloying constituents but usually ranges between 7,750 and 8,050 kg/m^3 (484 and 503 lb/cu ft), or 7.75 and 8.05 g/cm3 (4.48 and 4.65 oz/cu in).
Applications: Iron and steel are used widely in the construction of roads, railways, other infrastructure, appliances, and building.
Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel
5. Material: Concrete
 |
| https://www.pinterest.com/pin/377880224964394975/ |
Processing: Mixed, preheated, and calcined.
Properties: Tensile Strength - 20 MPa (2,900 psi) to 32 MPa (4,600 psi) concrete is often used.
Applications: architectural structures, foundations, brick/block walls, pavements, bridges/overpasses, highways, runways, parking structures, dams, pools/reservoirs, pipes, footings for gates, fences and poles and even boats.
Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete#Building_with_concrete
6. Material: Cast Iron
 |
| http://www.cookingwithtraderjoes.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Seasoned-Cast-Iron-Skillet.jpg |
Properties: Melting temperatures usually range from 1,150 to 1,200 °C (2,100 to 2,190 °F).
Applications: Cookware, bridges, buildings, textile mills.
Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_iron
7. Material: Brass
 |
| https://www.native-instruments.com/typo3temp/pics/img-ce-background-symphony-series-brass_overview_01_superiorbrassrecordings-f4c8cf68c720f304b951bf60e8101c66-d.jpg |
Processing: Annealing and cold rolling.
Properties: Melting point: 900 to 940 °C (1,650 to 1,720 °F) depending on composition.
Applications: Musical instruments, locks, gears, bearings, doorknobs, ammunition casings and valves; for plumbing and electrical applications, etc.
Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass, http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Brass.html.
8. Material: Kevlar
 |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar |
Processing: Condensation reaction/wet spinning (fibers).
Properties: Kevlar fibers tensile strength - 3,620 MPa.
Applications: Body armor, bulletproof vests, music equipment, shoes, etc.
Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar#Applications.
9. Material: Gorilla Glass
 |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorilla_Glass#/media/File:Nokia_N8_gorilla_glass_screen_(5083750412).jpg |
.jpg){kind=link}
Processing: Corning’s proprietary fusion manufacturing + ion exchange process.
Properties: Vickers hardness test rating of 622 to 701.
Applications: Smartphones, consumer electronic devices, automobiles.
Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorilla_Glass.
10. Material: Pykrete
Processing: Freezing.
Properties: Tensile strength - 4,826 MPa.
Applications: No real applications so far.
Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pykrete.
1. Polystyrene is a polymer of long chain hydrocarbon wherein alternating carbon centers are attached to phenyl groups. Used in many plastic consumer goods.
2. Glass is an amorphous solid (a solid without the regular crystalline structure that something like a metal would have. Used for windows, bottles, lenses, etc.
3. Corrugated Galvanized Iron is a building material composed of sheets of hot-dip galvanised mild steel, cold-rolled to produce a linear corrugated pattern in them. Iron had a bcc structure. Used as building material.
1. H1 Steel is a super stainless steel highly resistant to rust, produced by Myodo Metal, Japan. An alloy of iron, very low carbon, and a higher concentration of nitrogen. It is used in knives, especially for diving.
2. Fiber-reinforced Nylon Resin is a composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers. Used in automobiles and knife handles.
3. Titanium is a metal with a high strength to weight ratio. It has an hcp crystal structure. Used in the aerospace industry in airplane parts and fasteners. Also in human implants: artificial hearts, hip replacements, pacemakers, defibrillators, and elbow and hip joints. Etc.
1. Leather is a durable flexible material made out of animal hide; usually cattle. This raw material is principally a fibrous protein called collagen and is composed of one continuous network of fibers. Used in clothing, furniture, books, etc.
2. (Corrugated Fiberboard) Cardboard - A paper based material consisting of natural paper fibers. Used in boxing and packaging items.
3. Gum Rubber (also called natural rubber) consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene. Used in shoes, pencils, automobiles, etc.
Comments
Post a Comment